Lin Hua thanked Chunhong.

Lin Hua thanked Chunhong, too in a hurry. But the cold rain comes in the morning and the wind comes late. Rouge tears, phase stay drunk, when heavy? He always hates everything in his life! This black night cry, also known as meeting Huan, is a spring injury written by Li Yu, the master of the Southern Tang Dynasty in the five dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The whole ci adopts the artistic expression of the mixture of emptiness and reality and the combination of movement and stillness, and in the time and space changes of expressing feelings on the spot, expressing feelings in the scene and following the scene, the whole ci rests the endless loneliness and frustration of life in the extremely desolate and declining description of the dilapidated spring scene, which makes the whole ci full of infinite sadness and melancholy, which sadly reflects Li Yu's loss of life and his reflection when he is at a dead end. Like Venus with a broken arm in ancient Greek mythology, it has left an unparalleled beauty of imperfection.

This Xiao Ling was created around 975 AD 977, when the Southern Tang Dynasty had been destroyed by the Northern Song Dynasty, and Li Yu was captured by Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin and became a prisoner of the Song Dynasty. The former king of a country is now a subjugation slave. From the huge contrast in identity and treatment, we can imagine how dignified and decadent Li Yu was at that time.

In order to fully understand the creative intention and artistic appeal of this ci, we must first understand Li Yu and his background of the times. Li Yu, also known as Li Congjia, the word Chongguang, is the sixth son of Li Gou, the second monarch of the Southern Tang Dynasty. He has been proficient in poetry, calligraphy and painting since childhood, being gentle and cowardly, timid and timid. It is said that in order to avoid the suspicion of his eldest brother Li Hongji, who is the crown prince, he went to the deep palace and went to meditation every day without asking about the political class. On the contrary, this enabled him to have more spare time to study the rhythm of poetry, painting and playing the piano. Li Yu's talent in poetry is exactly what his father likes because he is also a literati emperor and has deep attainments in ci style and Fu. The literary achievements of father and son are evaluated in the History of ci in this way: those who speak must first count three Li, saying that the Tang Dynasty is too white, and the second master of the Southern Tang Dynasty and the Yi'an of the Song Dynasty. The two masters are Li Kui, Li Yu and his son, the former Li Bai and the later Li Qingzhao, which shows its far-reaching historical value.

As a historical figure, when evaluating Li Yu, later generations mostly praised Li Yu, half regretted, and sighed: Li Yu is a handsome Huajian ci, a rough emperor, and the Huajian ci here has two meanings. one is that his ci inherits the artistic style of Huajian ci School initiated by Wen Tingyun, pursuing euphemistic style and gorgeous rhetoric in style, and paying attention to meticulous carving and frowning embroidery in filling skills. While the Huajian ci School developed to the Southern Tang Dynasty, represented by Li Yu and his son and Feng Yanji, merged into the regional customs of the south of the Yangtze River, abandoned the usual vanity and elegance of Huajian ci in the meaning of ci, and incorporated the technique of white drawing and light color in the style of ci, which exhibited inner feelings with situation, full of tension, and perfectly reflected the characteristics of personality and the taste of life. The second meaning of Huajian ci Jun mainly refers to Li Yu's living environment. After all, as the king of a country, his time and circle of life can be described as entering the palace beauty and visiting courtiers. Even if he became a prisoner in the Northern Song Dynasty, he was accompanied by fallen scholar-officials and dusty concubines. In addition, he has been confined to the deep palace since he was a child, not to mention military industry and political affairs, not to mention the general daily life outside the palace, there is no way to really feel it. Like strange flowers and plants in the imperial garden, he is used to indulgence, and naturally the artistic perspective reflected in his literary works is nothing more than flowers and plants, jade carved bars, Sheng tube silk springs, always in different ways, talk about luxury, nostalgia for grandeur. As for saying that he is an emperor who is a loser, from the point of view of his political achievements during his reign, it is obviously a bit too derogatory, because Li Yu may be the result of his gentle character when he was in power. In terms of internal affairs, he reduced taxes to the people and abolished corvee, reflecting the love of the people like a son, but in foreign policy, he respected Song Zhengshuo from the very beginning, so that later he raised a tiger to harm himself in the end, resulting in the destruction of a country and the death of a British year. Maybe this is the end of his douche bag.

In the long process of historical recitation, some changes have taken place in this ci, and its main changes are shown in the following four places.

First, the second sentence of the original word is too hasty, and some versions are too negligent. Is this the clerical error of the plagiarist when copying the word? Or do you take the pictograph of the word "Xian"? There is no clear data to test. However, as far as the rhyme of Lin Zhengyun is concerned, the main rhyme of Xiaoling uses the three words red, wind, east (not counting the hurried word) and the word weight of Shangping Erdong rhyme (pronouncing chóng). The hasty word enters the rhyme Shangping Yidong rhyme, so it meets the rhyme requirements of the ci plate. In ancient times, there was no polysyllabic pronunciation of this word. Li Yu, as a famous poet of a generation, would not have made such a low-level mistake to use a wrong word to rhyme, thus ruining his reputation in literary attainments.

Second, the third sentence is helpless in the cold rain in the morning and the wind in the evening. These two groups of words are both flat and tonal combinations, which also meet the requirements of filling words. Helplessness refers to the fact that poverty can not be exerted and that it has reached the end of a dead end. it can better represent the real situation and inner feelings of Li Yu when he made this word at that time. And often hate refers to often with grief and hatred, although it is also in line with Li Yu's physical and mental condition at that time, but, from the perspective of the whole word, some people grow and hate water long east sentences, have more incisively and vividly expressed such feelings of grief and hatred, and often with long words with the same rhyme, hate word repetition, which for Li Yu such emphasis on careful carving, frown gold knot embroidery lyrics, is absolutely taboo is not allowed. Therefore, the use of helplessness can be closer to the author's true inner feelings at that time than constant hatred, and it can also enhance the artistic appeal of the meaning of words.

Third, the fourth sentence rouge tears, there are swallow tears. Before the Southern Tang Dynasty, there were records of people's names, place names, sword names, flowers and plants names, paint names, cosmetics names and beauty names. In Li Yu's dark night cry, according to his actual living conditions at that time, it means that when saying goodbye to a woman, the woman made up her face with tears. Therefore, Yan Zhi suspected that just like modern students' dictation of words, Yan Zhi made a false use of rouge.

Fourth, the fifth sentence to stay drunk, some to keep people drunk. To stay means to be forced to stay by others, while to retain people means to keep others subjectively. According to some events that happened when Li Yu and his wife were imprisoned at that time, it seems that they should be forced to stay closer to the real situation at that time. Let me tell you slowly about the background of this real situation.

Next, let's go into these words to find the life fate symbol that Li Yu injected into the meaning of the word, and understand the specific reasons why he hates for a long time.

Lin Hua thanked Chunhong, too hurriedly, and wrote about the change of scenery in a season in just nine words. In these nine words, there are objects (forest flowers), sights (thank you), color images (spring red), sometimes (too in a hurry), without the need for classical Chinese translation, ancient and modern people can understand at a glance. This is the superb point of Li Yu as a famous lyricist, without deliberate polishing and whitewashing, with natural and easy-to-understand sentences, a depressed and dilapidated spring picture is suddenly in front of the readers' eyes. at this time, stuffy silence is more moving than sound, skillfully rendering the situational atmosphere and creating a mournful suspense for the next mood. In this sentence, the seventh word Taizi is an adjective, which is extremely profound and tortuous euphemism, laying the groundwork for the helplessness of the next sentence. At the same time, the opening nine words, or a very strong emotional declarative expression of the question pattern, seems to ask: the flowers in the forest have withered the spring red, too fast! Why is that?

Then, helplessly, when the cold rain came and the wind came late, a situation of disorderly nature and subverting the order happened helplessly. It was precisely because of this unexpected situation that the melancholy sprang up and suddenly appeared. The answer was also made for the situation of the beginning of the sentence. The withering of the flowers is not caused by the change of seasons, but by the sudden wind and rain, which should have been aborted and will continue to be brilliant flowering.

Through the straight-to-the-point and vivid scene description, we have to look up to Li Yu's super imagination and metaphorical skills. If the Wuyue ci board allows only this half of the word to appear, or if the word is lost like many anecdotes lost in the long history of literature, then we do not have to delve into the ideological connotation of this word, because it is a sketch of the ruined branches and fallen leaves of spring flowers after wind and rain, but to express the common natural phenomena through the words of scholars and poets. If so, the word is a broken word, and its artistic value will be greatly reduced.

It is precisely without these ifs that this word has been handed down as an everlasting song. As mentioned in the previous article, when Li Yu made this word, he was really like Lin Hua Xie Chunhong, the former glorious emperor was reduced to a subjugation slave, and his diet and daily life were monitored. Can he still have leisure to copy flowers and plants in words? No! Whether it is out of a situation of words, the mood of heaven and man to create momentum, or because the person was imprisoned at that time, speech was not free and had to implicitly look around, in short, Li Yu will certainly use words to pity people, things to send pleasure, and scenery to support the heart. Let's go on to have a look.

Rouge tears, phase stay drunk, when heavy? As soon as Xiahu began to write, he completely changed the scene in Shangluo ci, and also changed the object of Fu ci from the natural scene to the description of the characters. Rouge, as the main paint for women's make-up since ancient times, even refers to young and beautiful women directly in many ancient literature books. In that case, this black night crow has always been regarded as the sad thought of Li Yu's national subjugation, expressing the heavy feelings of his own country's resentment, why not write flowers and plants, or suddenly scrub and powder and fiddle with things used by women? In fact, the meaning of this word implies a story about Li Yu being wearing a green hat. When Li Yu was emperor, he was always arrogant and extravagant, having fun with many concubines in the harem every day, and successively married Zhou E Emperor (known as the Great Zhou Dynasty) and Xiao Zhou Hou sisters as wives. In 965 AD, she died of illness after the Great Zhou Dynasty. Xiao Zhou enjoyed the favor of Li Yu alone until the country of the Southern Tang Dynasty was broken. She and Li Yu were both captured by Song Dynasty. In 976 AD, Zhao Kuangyin, the founding monarch of the Northern Song Dynasty, died and his brother Zhao Guangyi succeeded to the throne. This guy was not a gentleman. Hearing that Li Yu's wife was beautiful and beautiful after hearing that his wife, Li Yu, was beautiful and beautiful, she looked for opportunities many times and was lucky after Xiao Zhou. Poor Li Yu and his wife, in the body of the defeat of the country, there is no way to protect their lives, how can they still preserve their sex? Therefore, Li Yu stopped singing the bleak time in his words and immediately sighed with emotion in such a dreary environment, physically and mentally ravaged but also had to endure the grief and hatred of great shame. With regard to such a realistic portrayal, we can also get circumstantial evidence from Li Yu's other words, "the country has been broken for forty years," in which it says: once classified as a prisoner, Shen waist and temples spend time. Is the most hasty temple day, Jiaofang still play farewell song, tears to Gong E, here Gong E, in the case of Li Yu is imprisoned, there will not be too many, in addition to small weeks later, who else?

At the same time, the overlapping sentences of tears and drunkenness strongly strengthen the dignified color of the atmosphere in terms of tone and grammar, which not only shows the mournful expression of the beauty after being forcibly blessed by Zhao Guangyi, but also highlights that in this state of humiliation that can not struggle, he can only restrain the sorrow that even the pain cannot cry out with a look of sadness and pity. A few moments later, he dragged the time and space back to the memories of the past and asked when the former good days of love would be able to come back. What's more, it clearly reflects the extreme sadness and remorse, which enhances the degree of desolation and euphemism, and makes the people who read the words more pitiful.

The last sentence is that life always hates the water and the east. At first glance, it looks like two sentences of war with the cold rain and the late wind. One sentence is the cause and the other is the result. Compared with the long hate and the long hate of the lower horse, they echo each other in time and events, match each other in situation and emotion, and render a strong sad scene. People can't bear to see it. In his few later ci works, Li Yu often describes the tortuous and ill-fated sighs of life with running water, and scattered many poems, such as the eastward flow of the spring water of a river ("when is the Spring and Autumn Moon of Yu Beauty". This sentence is entirely from the front version of the sentence of everlasting hatred in life), cars such as running water and horses ("looking forward to how much hate in the south of the Yangtze River"), running water and falling flowers and spring ("gurgling outside the curtain of waves and sand") and so on. All these show Li Yu's attainments in ci, and the energy used in filling words far exceeds the tragic color used in governing the country (Baiyang language).

In 978 AD, although Li Yu had sunk his waist and temples while in prison, the rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty seriously ravaged and destroyed him both physically and mentally, but they still did not spare his life. With Li Yu often remembering the past, remembering his native country, or thinking about the unwarranted charges of restoring the country, he was given tractor medicine to kill him. At this point, a generation of ci emperor fruit, such as Lin Hua Xie Chunhong in general, has since disappeared and withdrew from the stage of history.

This black night cry is the hatred of the national conditions of Li Yu's short life. For thousands of years, it has been deeply loved by people no matter in terms of literary accomplishment or artistic value. The most commendable thing is that in the style of filling in, the word is characterized by short and lively, strong sense of rhythm, natural, no whitewash, simple and easy to understand, with superb and concise 36 words. it condenses many emotional elements such as remorse, resentment, struggle, boredom, divorce, recollection, etc., and achieves the best artistic effect in terms of language and structure. It has a far-reaching influence on the development of ci in later generations.

Perhaps, if Li Yu, the emperor of ci, had known that future generations loved his words so much, he would have felt a little relieved and comforted.

(Wen / Tangpohu) (Yu Li Jen)